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Lithium Ion Battery Recycling from EVs & HEVs

In Austria, spent Lithium ion batteries (LIB) are considered as hazardous waste (SN 35337) due to their chemical and physical characteristics. In accordance with the European Waste Catalogue, LIBs are listed as non-hazardous waste (Code: 160605). As a total concept from production to recycling, the project LIBRES (Lithium-Ion-Battery Recycling) deals with the recycling of spent LIB recovered from Electronic Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electronic vehicles (HEVs). One important goal of the R&D project is the development of a complete raw materials cycle from the production through use to end-of-life, including collection, transportation, storage and processing of waste LIB. The focus of the research project reported as to develop a highly engineered safety-relevant recycling process with a reasonable recycling rate considering economical aspects.

For those reasons mentioned above, the development of appropriate process steps as well as storage and fire-extinguishing concepts are a real challenge in order to guarantee the safe handling and reliable recovery of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) free from interference.
The challenges of waste LIB recycling are not only the ecological and economical recovery of secondary raw materials, also more the design of safety requirements needed for the treatment process.
ESS for EVs & HEVs are developing voltages up to 700 V and storage energy up to 55 kWh. That corresponds to the needed energy for melting about 184 kg Aluminum. The compounds of waste LIB among others are flammable materials like plastics and organic solvents. Furthermore, the components of LIB show a tendency for highly exothermic reactions (so called "thermal runaway") after exposure to elevated temperatures or in case of a short circuit.
In general, a recycling process for waste LIB generally consists of a combination of dismantling, discharge and mechanical treatment steps combined with a deactivation process. Ultimate goal of the R&D project LIBRES is to develop a recycling process for waste LIB and to recover a Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese and an Iron-Phosphor concentrate for further recycling steps.
Recycling enables a significant contribution to the raw material supply. Thus strategically important secondary raw materials will become available on the national market in Austria.

Copyright:	© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben
Quelle:	Depotech 2012 (November 2012)
Seiten:	6
Preis:	€ 3,00
Autor:	Ing. DI Dr. Astrid Arnberger Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Karl-Heinz Gresslehner Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. mont. Roland Pomberger Alexander Curtis
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