Regenerative Energie
SUMMARY:
Both an increasing demand in energy and the amount of municipal solid waste generated are problems encountered in developing countries as well as developed countries. One way out includes the use of solid waste as a source of energy. The paper investigates the potential of organic solid waste (OSW) for energy generation in Lusaka the Capital of Zambia. It was found that the unit generation rates for solid waste are 0.6, 0.5 and 0.4 kg per capita and day for low, medium and high-income residential areas respectively.
Solid waste is basically collected as a mixed stream. However, some separation at source for ferrous metal and paper is carried out. From previous waste characterisation studies, it was found that 40% of the mixed solid waste is of organic nature that can be used for anaerobic digestion. As for energy, it was found that about 46% of the population in Lusaka has access to electricity for cooking as well as for lighting. The rest of the population relies on charcoal, wood fuel and kerosene. The peri-urban case study area of Kanyama Compound is identified and discussed. Using its organic waste potential for biogas production, about 20% of the population without electricity in the Compound can benefit from the energy generated. Nevertheless, there is a need for source separation of OSW. As to funding arrangements, this project requires government subsidies since the direct beneficiaries from the energy point of view are poor people who cannot afford a project that calls for full cost recovery. The incentive for the government is that this project can reduce health and social expenses as well reduce impact on the environment. Although the National Energy Policy of 2005 supports energy generation from OSW, projects have not been implemented yet.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. |
| Quelle: | Orbit 2006 (September 2006) |
| Seiten: | 9 |
| Preis: | € 4,50 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Annette Ochs W. Shane |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit