Regenerative Energie
Endocrine disruption has become one of the most important environmental issues, causing scientific, political, legislative, and administrative action. Bisphenol A (BPA), octylphenol, and nonylphenol are three prominent representatives of xenobiotic estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs).
Since both BPA and alkylphenol polyethoxylates are used in paper production, and the contamination of recycled paper products with these compounds can be hypothesised. Concentrations of BPA and four alkylphenolic compounds in toilet paper, wastepaper, and cellulose have been investigated at the Department of Waste Management, Dresden University of Technology, Germany. Preliminary results and calculations are presented. With one exception, all xenoestrogens studied were found in all toilet paper samples at very high concentrations of 2 – 430 mg/kg dry mass (DM). The BPA concentrations in seven classes of wastepaper amounted to 0.093 to 4.23 mg/kg DM. In three types of cellulose the EDC concentrations were below or hardly above the respective limit of quantification. Toilet paper, thus, was shown to be an important source of xenoestrogen emissions to wastewater. Thermal paper again was found to be a major source for the contamination of recycled paper with BPA. Because of distinct contamination with xenoestrogens, paper waste and recycled paper products should not be mixed with biological waste e.g. for co-composting or co-fermentation in order to derive organic fertilisers.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. |
| Quelle: | ORBIT 2003 (Mai 2003) |
| Seiten: | 11 |
| Preis: | € 5,50 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Martin J. Gehring Dr.-Ing. Lars Tennhardt Dipl.-Ing. Dirk Vogel Dr.-Ing. Diethelm Weltin Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h.c. Bernd Bilitewski |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit