Regenerative Energie
A full–scale co–fermentation facility processing 15,000 t of household and commercial organic waste as well as 41,000 t of municipal sewage sludge per year was studied focussing on the elimination of selected endocrine disrupting compounds.
In the course of the fermentation process the concentrations of the contraceptive pharmaceuticals 17á–ethynylestradiol and mestranol and of the natural steroid hormone estriol were below the limit of detection in all samples. The natural steroid hormone 17â-estradiol was detectable in all samples but in all but one cases the concentrations were below the limit of quantification. The concentration of estrone which is the primary metabolite of 17â-estradiol, ranged from 35.1 to 69.1 µg/kg dry matter (DM). The concentrations of 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, and 4-nonylphenol monoethoxylate amounted to up to 3,180 µg/kg DM, 354 µg/kg DM, and 6,980 µg/kg DM, respectively. Surprisingly, bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in sanitised sludge derived from organic waste. The BPA concentration amounted to 662 µg/kg DM and, thus, was distinctly higher than in the mixture of primary sewage sludge and activated sewage sludge. The concentrations of all xenobiotic compounds (APX and BPA) distinctly increased during the 20 days of fermentation.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. |
| Quelle: | ORBIT 2003 (Mai 2003) |
| Seiten: | 8 |
| Preis: | € 4,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Lars Tennhardt Dr.-Ing. Martin J. Gehring Dr.-Ing. Diethelm Weltin Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h.c. Bernd Bilitewski |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit