Regenerative Energie
Most of the organic material containing high dry matter percentage is treated in an aerobic way like composting. Regarding process energy balance in this biological treatment at least mechanical power has to be added for periodic turning of the substrates.
Secondly it is impossible to use the energy accruing during the process. Treating such substrates in conventional liquid biogas plants high volumes of water are necessary, which remain in most cases as wastewater subsequently. In relation to the quantities of feed material, high plant and process energy costs are incurred for material conveyance and maintaining temperatures. The development of the new 3A-biogas batch-process for solid state biowaste can reach the best available synergies of composting and fermentation technology. It combines biogas- and compost- production including sanitation of the compost. The 3A process itself was patented in 1988 by Dr. Ing. Heinz Steffen (Steffen, 1988) as a discontinuous procedure. The biological decomposition takes place during 3 operating phases (aerobic, anaerobic, aerobic) in a closed domain without intermediate movement of substrates. The procedure was improved in 1996 by the patented crosswise percolation-water feed (Steffen, 1996). Using the experience gathered in extensive laboratory experiments, the new 3A-biogas batch system has to be up-scaled to prototype size in the following project. The European Commission founds it as a CRAFT project in the 5th framework program in the area of Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. |
| Quelle: | ORBIT 2003 (Mai 2003) |
| Seiten: | 6 |
| Preis: | € 3,00 |
| Autor: | Ing Horst Müller Oliver Schmidt Anton Daxl Johann Bergmair |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit