Regenerative Energie
Both continuous infiltration experiments over a period of 2 years, run-off experiments in summer 2000 were carried out in order to investigate the behaviour of EDCs in agricultural soils after sewage sludge application.
The soils were either loaded with double deionised water, digested sludge, EDC spiked digested sludge, or solely a mixed EDC solution containing 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), bisphenol A, 17â-estradiol, and 17á-ethynylestradiol (EE2). In infiltration experiments, dislocation of alkylphenols and EE2 towards lower soil horizons was observed. For example, 125 µg/kg of OP and 60 µg/kg of EE2 were determined in the depth of 20 – 30 cm of a sandy soil. In most cases, EDC concentrations decreased with increasing soil depths. No considerable EDC concentrations were detected in the leachate. We conclude that adsorption to the soil matrix and/or biodegradation prevented a direct EDC transport to groundwater. In run-off experiments one sandy soil and one loamy soil were studied. The results demonstrate an extensive transport of EDCs with run-off water. EDC mass fluxes washed off the sandy soil were higher than those washed off the loamy soil, except in the case of EE2 which showed an inverse behaviour. Adsorption of EDCs to soil was more extensive in loamy soil than in sandy soil.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. |
| Quelle: | ORBIT 2003 (Mai 2003) |
| Seiten: | 10 |
| Preis: | € 5,00 |
| Autor: | Dipl.-Ing. Dirk Vogel Dr.-Ing. Martin J. Gehring Dr.-Ing. Lars Tennhardt Dr.-Ing. Diethelm Weltin Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h.c. Bernd Bilitewski |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit