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Limits and Challenges of the Calculation and Verification of the Recycling Efficiency of Lithium-ion Batteries posed by the new European Battery Regulation

The new European Battery Regulation, introduced as part of the EU's Green Deal, presents significant challenges and changes in recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIB). This regulation not only raises the general recycling efficiency quotas from 50 % to 65 % by 2027 and 70% by 2030 but also sets specific recycling efficiency requirements for cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), and nickel (Ni) at the elemental level.

These requirements demand comprehensive data collection and data verification, adding complexity to the recycling chain of batteries. This paper explores the implications of these new regulations, focusing on the calculation methods for recycling efficiency and material recovery rates and the challenges in obtaining accurate and reliable data. It discusses the necessary internal and external data collection processes, the role of the first recycler, and the verification of results by third parties. Additionally, the paper highlights the potential economic and organizational impacts on small companies within the industry. The authors emphasize the need for clear definitions and standardization in the calculation and reporting processes to ensure fair competition and  regulatory compliance. The paper concludes with recommendations for industry practices and potential solutions to effectively meet the new regulatory demands.