Regenerative Energie
Global steel production has grown massively since the Second World War. In recent decades, however, the steel market has become saturated in affluent regions such as the US and the EU. This has resulted in stagnate steel production and increased quantities of old scrap. The increasing shares of post-consumer scrap offer the opportunity to increase the share of scrap in crude steel production.
However, there is a relevant limiting factor for scrap utilization: the content of specific, unwanted tramp elements, such as Cu. Using a material flow model for steel, the available scrap is compared to the crude steel demand in terms of quantity, but also quality. The quality is defined by the content of unwanted tramp elements (sum of Cu, Ni, Mo, Cr and Sn). The results show that in the geographical boundaries of the former EU28 old scrap increases from 80 million t/a (65% of the domestically available scrap) in 2020 to over 100 million t/a (75% of the domestically available scrap) in 2050. The annual surplus of low purity scrap, for which supply is higher than demand, continues to increase from 20 million t/yr today (2020) to 43 million t/yr in 2050. In the case of Austria, a country with one of the highest per capita steel production and one of the highest share of flat products, which demand high purity, the demand for high purity resources is even higher and therefore the surplus relative to the total amount available of low purity scrap more pronounced. Without appropriate measures, this scrap will most likely be export and is hence lost as secondary resource for the domestic steel industry.
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben |
| Quelle: | Recy & Depotech 2022 (November 2022) |
| Seiten: | 6 |
| Preis: | € 3,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.tech Sabine Dworak Ass. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Johann Fellner |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit