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Performance of European biogas plants towards methane emissions

Biogas or biomethane, resulting from the biological treatment of organic matter by anaerobic digestion, is a renewable energy source used for electricity production, heating and in transportation and can substitute fossil gas. Therefore, biogas production is described as a sustainable strategy for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). However, the positive environmental impact depends in particular on emissions that might occur within the biogas production and utilization chain. Although numerous scientific studies investigated CH4 emissions from biogas plants, there is still a lack of reliable and representative emission data. As stated in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the member countries are obliged to report their national GHG inventories according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines.

As flexible renewable energy carriers, biogas and biomethane can play a crucial rolein a fossil-fuel-free energy mix, provided that process-related methane (CH4) emissions are minimized.As there is still a lack of representative emission data, this study aimed to provide CH4emission factors (EFs) of various European biogas plants. In total, 36 anaerobic digestion (AD)plants in Austria, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland were investigated (including agricultural,biowaste and wastewater treating facilities). For the first time, harmonized ground-based remotesensing and on-site methods were used to determine CH4 losses from overall biogas plants aswell as from individual emission sources. Depending on the implemented technologies (for substratereceiving and storage, digestate storage, biogas utilization) as well as on the occurrenceof unintended leakages, plant average CH4 losses ranged from 0.4 to 11.3 % of the total CH4production. Individual on-site sources released between <0.01 and 5.6%. Both, remote sensingand on-site measurements confirmed the potential for emission reduction through the implementation of low-emission technologies in combination with regular leak detection.

Copyright:	© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben
Quelle:	Recy & Depotech 2022 (November 2022)
Seiten:	2
Preis:	€ 1,00
Autor:	Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Marion Huber-Humer M. Hrad V. Wechselberger
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