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Vegetable oil extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil and subsequent separation via non-woven fabrics

The current combination, though, of using microemulsions of plant oil in water
to extract mineral hydrocarbons in-situ from the soil and to separate that contaminated oil phase from water via non-wovens is novel and in preliminary experiments was shown be to very promising in terms of costs and performance.

Based on the example of the historical 'Petroleum Refinery Droesing� in Lower Austria, which was classified as hazardous site in 2016 (N77), the development of treatment trains for in-situ hydrocarbon removal from the subsurface is studied. Mechanically prepared micro-emulsions of 5-10 % plant oil in water are used to rinse hydrocarbons from soil. For the non-saturated zone, micro emulsions will be infiltrated into the ground eventually reaching the groundwater table. For the saturated zone, the micro emulsion will be injected into the contaminated area of the groundwater body and then rise to the top of the aquifer. On their travel, micro-emulsions will take up contaminants, which are eventually pumped off from the underground together with oil and water. This mixture is then separated using non-wovens with oil-binding properties.
At laboratory scale, petroleum hydrocarbon extraction was accomplished in 1.5m high soil columns. The infiltration rate for sandy soil was adjusted to 1.7-3.4mm/min de-pending on the water content. Micro-emulsions were found to be stable for 2h. No emulsifying agents have been used. The process can remove an estimated 80 % of hydrocarbons in one extraction passage, but does not mobilize very high molecular weight fractions such as acid tar (also present at the N77 site). The subsequent separation of vegetable oil and water is effective, leaving less than 10mg/l of oil in the water phase. After one passage, 25 % of the micro-emulsion remain in the under-ground. Washing cycles using water-enriched emulsions could further reduce these losses.

Copyright:	© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben
Quelle:	Recy & Depotech 2020 (November 2020)
Seiten:	6
Preis:	€ 3,00
Autor:	Dr. Maximilian Lackner M.Sc. Verena Braunschmid Dr. Karl Putz Dipl.-Ing. Markus Plank Norbert Rüttinger
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