Regenerative Energie
State-of-the-art Waste-to-Energy plants are reducing the volume of municipal and commercial waste as well as generating electric power and district heating. This survey concentrates on bottom ash treatment and utilization from a wet discharge process all Bavarian Waste-to-Energy - WtE - plants have in common.
Minimum treatment of the bottom ash focusses on removing ferrous and non-ferrous metals as well producing materials mainly for roadbuilding purposes. The non-organic tailings from this process are usually landfilled whereas the organic residues are fed back into the incineration process. Due to the limited landfill volumes available and rising costs the feasibility of an improved ash treatment was studied for 8 Bavarian WtE plants with respect to costs, possible co-operations, available landfill volume and material markets.
The bottom ash treatment in Bavaria follows different concepts partly operating on-site treatment facilities, partly assigning specialized subcontractors. Therefore the quality of the secondary materials generated, may vary significantly.
The main focus of current research, development and optimization work is to improve the yields and qualities of the metal fractions which comprise about 12 to 15 percent of the total weight of the bottom ashes. The main part, about 85 percent of the bottom ash, is mineral and has to be deposited or is - after further processing - used as base layer for landfill or road constructions. Additionally it is used as backfilling material in mines, but this application is hardly feasible in Bavaria and requires a transport to other federal states like Baden-Württemberg.
Forthcoming legislation like the substitute material ordinance may add further restrictions to both the utilization of bottom ashes and mineral building and construction waste, so that bigger efforts and better treatment might be required in the future. In this study the feasibility of the implementation of advanced ash treatment technologies without significant modifications of the existing discharge systems of the WtE plants is prioritized for a better cost efficiency expected.
| Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 5 (Dezember 2015) |
| Seiten: | 13 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Dr. Karsten Wambach Dipl.-Chem. Hermann Nordsieck Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Rommel |
| Artikel nach Login kostenfrei anzeigen | |
| Artikel weiterempfehlen | |
| Artikel nach Login kommentieren | |
Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit