Regenerative Energie
To meet the ever increasing demand for oil and gas, the exploration of deposits at greater depths is essential. This in turn poses new challenges to the modern drilling technology, especially with regard to the use of drilling fluids. In order to bring down the sometimes more than ten Kilometers long and highly deviated or even horizontal wells, hook loads of several hundred tons, high torques and temperatures higher than 200 °C must be controlled without damaging the sensitive deposits.
This can be accomplished often only with the help of special oil-based drilling fluids.Disadvantage of these is that the drilled cuttings are contaminated by the special oil and must besupplied to an intricate preparation or costly disposal. For the cuttings obtained by water based drilling fluids a full recovery in various sectors of industryand agriculture could be found several years ago with the 'Waste Free Drilling Programâ€.In this study a way is shown to fully recycle with oil-based drilling fluid contaminated solids, which can be seen as a major environmental technical contribution of global significance. The use of mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, talc or layered silicates in polymers is known for a long time. On the one hand mineral fillers are used to improve various properties of polymers and on the other hand to reduce material costs efficiently. Such filled polymers are generally referred to as compounds. By compounding, the process for the incorporation of fillers, at least two substances may be mixed together with the goal of modifying the properties ofthe polymer for a specifi c application. For example polymers are fi lled with so-called stabilizersto become more UV-resistant and less sensitive to hydrolysis for outdoor applications. Fillers or additives are classified according to their function in the polymer matrix. They can be classified as reinforcing materials, stabilizers for inhibiting degradation or chain scission by weathering but also during processing, flame retardants or colorants. Another goal is the use of mineral additives as an extender.
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben |
| Quelle: | Depotech 2014 (November 2014) |
| Seiten: | 1 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Clemens Holzer Dipl.-Ing Andreas Witschnigg Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.mont. Stephan Laske Herbert Hofstätter Dr.-Ing. Klaus Schulze |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit