Regenerative Energie
The Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) of municipal waste is well established in many European countries. Depending on the water content of the input, excessive process water (EPW) is generated, which cannot be reused in the MBT process and must be disposed as liquid waste. With respect to the kinetics of the AD reactor, EPW of MBT plants is heavily loaded in particular with SS, COD, BOD, TN, TP etc.
EPW is listed in the European Waste List under 190604, digestate from anaerobic treatment of municipal waste. The disposal via aerobic sewage treatment plants is energy and cost-intensive, moreover an additional carbon source is required, due to a C/N ratio of ca. 3. However, with adjusted handling, EPW can be also seen as potential substrate for a co-fermentation plant or crude material for fertilizer production. For this research, digestate was taken and analyzed from a VALORGA-plant with an input of ca. 95,000 t per year and a specific biogas production of 160 m3/tOS of input. According to the digestate characteristics, three alternative treatment pathways were investigated as a case study with a focus on energy efficiency and nutrients recovery: Firstly: using high ammonia adapted sludge and inoculum from a co-digestion plant to gain biogas and recover the nutrients with the digestate. Secondly: using an evaporation process with heat of the Combined Heat and Power station (CHP) at the MBT facility. Thirdly: Treatment with standalone or integrated membrane technology.
| Copyright: | © European Compost Network ECN e.V. |
| Quelle: | Orbit 2014 (Juni 2014) |
| Seiten: | 0 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Dipl.-Ing. Paul Stopp Dr.-Ing. Dirk Weichgrebe |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit