Regenerative Energie
The European Union Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste limits emissions to air, only, however, so far there are still no limits considering the levels of pollutants in the fuels, residues or products themselves when waste fuels are burnt in co-incineration plants. To overcome this shortage, the Guideline for Waste Fuels and the Waste Incineration Directive, which define quality criteria for waste fuels burnt in co-incineration plants, have been issued in Austria. According to this legal framework, waste fuels are waste that is used entirely or to a relevant extent for the purpose of energy generation and which satisfies the quality criteria laid down in the Waste Incineration Directive.
This contribution describes the legal, material, plant and economic developments and properties as well as the quality and quality assurance of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) that are increasingly used in a wide range of co-incineration plants. In Austria, the quality criteria for waste fuels burnt in co-incineration plants are defined in the Guideline for Waste Fuels and the Waste Incineration Directive, where limits are given for the heavy metals content which are related to the heating value. The statistics about commercial and industrial amount of waste which is used for manufacturing of SRF, together with the statistics about treatment plants - Mechanical Biological Treatment plant (MBT) - and SRF-application plants - Cement Production Plants (CPP) - as well as the trends on SRF - substitution rates in Austria, Germany, EU 27 and Global are described. Additionally, the challenges of SRF developments and properties in modern waste management and its impacts on the resulting waste quality and waste processing technology are presented by reporting comprehensive examples. Another focus is the description of technical developments that will allow a one hundred percent substitution of primary fuels by secondary fuels produced out of different waste types. Also, the interdependencies between primary and secondary raw material markets and economic relevance by substituting primary material through different waste fuels are discussed on the basis of capacity model. Since first of January 2012, the quality assurance incl. waste information, sampling procedure, analysis etc. in SRF preparation plants (supplier) or cement production plants (user) has to be executed. Based on CEN/ TS-guidelines for SRF as well as national norms (ÖNORM), two common approaches for monitoring of SRF are presented.
| Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 4 (November 2014) |
| Seiten: | 17 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. mont. Roland Pomberger Dipl.-Ing. Dr. mont. Renato Sarc |
| Artikel nach Login kostenfrei anzeigen | |
| Artikel weiterempfehlen | |
| Artikel nach Login kommentieren | |
Wasserwirtschaftliche Fachexkursion nach Namibia
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (8/2025)
Fachexkursionen dienen dazu, den Horizont für das Fachgebiet zu erweitern und vor allem die Sinnhaftigkeit der späteren Aufgaben sichtbar zu machen. In Zeiten der Widerstände bei der Gestaltung der Umwelt, ob Wasserwirtschaft, Wasserbau, Abfallwirtschaft oder die Anpassung an den Klimawandel, kann so eine Einordnung des Gelernten und der Herausforderungen erfolgen.
Digitale Zwillinge stützen eine handlungsfähige blau-grüne Infrastruktur in der Stadt von Morgen
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (6/2025)
Blau-grüne Infrastrukturen kombinieren ökologische, hydrologische und soziale Funktionen und sind so essenziell für die klimaresiliente Stadtentwicklung. Deren Planung, Steuerung und langfristige Funktionssicherung erfordern eine präzise, flächenhafte Erfassung und fortlaufende Bewertung des urbanen Wasserhaushalts. Digitale Zwillinge ermöglichen eine präzise Erfassung und Steuerung dieser Strukturen.
Naturbasierte Lösungen für den Schutz der Halligen vor dem steigenden Meeresspiegel
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (6/2025)
Die nordfriesischen Halligen sind vor dem steigenden Meeresspiegel zu schützen. In einem Multi- Stakeholder-Ansatz sollen langfristige naturbasierte Lösungen zur Verringerung der Kantenerosion und nachhaltigen Förderung des Oberflächenwachstums gefunden werden