Regenerative Energie
The European Union Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste limits emissions to air, only, however, so far there are still no limits considering the levels of pollutants in the fuels, residues or products themselves when waste fuels are burnt in co-incineration plants. To overcome this shortage, the Guideline for Waste Fuels and the Waste Incineration Directive, which define quality criteria for waste fuels burnt in co-incineration plants, have been issued in Austria. According to this legal framework, waste fuels are waste that is used entirely or to a relevant extent for the purpose of energy generation and which satisfies the quality criteria laid down in the Waste Incineration Directive.
This contribution describes the legal, material, plant and economic developments and properties as well as the quality and quality assurance of Solid Recovered Fuels (SRF) that are increasingly used in a wide range of co-incineration plants. In Austria, the quality criteria for waste fuels burnt in co-incineration plants are defined in the Guideline for Waste Fuels and the Waste Incineration Directive, where limits are given for the heavy metals content which are related to the heating value. The statistics about commercial and industrial amount of waste which is used for manufacturing of SRF, together with the statistics about treatment plants - Mechanical Biological Treatment plant (MBT) - and SRF-application plants - Cement Production Plants (CPP) - as well as the trends on SRF - substitution rates in Austria, Germany, EU 27 and Global are described. Additionally, the challenges of SRF developments and properties in modern waste management and its impacts on the resulting waste quality and waste processing technology are presented by reporting comprehensive examples. Another focus is the description of technical developments that will allow a one hundred percent substitution of primary fuels by secondary fuels produced out of different waste types. Also, the interdependencies between primary and secondary raw material markets and economic relevance by substituting primary material through different waste fuels are discussed on the basis of capacity model. Since first of January 2012, the quality assurance incl. waste information, sampling procedure, analysis etc. in SRF preparation plants (supplier) or cement production plants (user) has to be executed. Based on CEN/ TS-guidelines for SRF as well as national norms (ÖNORM), two common approaches for monitoring of SRF are presented.
| Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 4 (November 2014) |
| Seiten: | 17 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. mont. Roland Pomberger Dipl.-Ing. Dr. mont. Renato Sarc |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit