Regenerative Energie
Up to the present most development banks (such as the World Bank or the German KfW) have sponsored in particular the fundamentals of waste management such as collection, transport and the orderly depositing of waste. The German Ministry of the Environment would like in future, however, to sponsor rather more advanced techniques for waste treatment, also in countries where this has hardly been considered before. Up to now the general opinion was that such higher quality waste treatment techniques (such as e.g. using biogas facilities, compost plants or waste incinerating plants) are still too expensive for most countries in the world. On closer inspection, however, it emerges that there are hardly any differences in the overall costs for waste disposal through cost reductions when landfilling and possible proceeds from various treatment systems. The consortium IGIP/L.e.e./ICP has now developed a calculation tool with which different waste management Scenarios can be compared relatively easily.
The introduction of proper and environmentally compatible waste management is supported financially with the aim of fundamentally improving the infrastructure in many developing and emerging countries by numerous development banks, such as, for example, the German KfW bank group, the EBRD or EIB (development banks of the EU) or by the World Bank. Until a few years ago, fundamental waste management measures such as collection and transport of the waste as well as proper landfilling were sponsored here by the FRG through the KfW bank group and the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (giz).
These measures can in general be borne economically by the populations in these states, whereas higher quality waste disposal systems including technically more sophisticated facilities, such as e.g. a mechanical-biological treatment plant (MBA), composting or a fermentation plant, seem too expensive.
The basis used for this assessment is the principle that the costs of waste disposal should not be more than approx. 1 % of the average income of the population. If it can be seen that waste management measures are too expensive and cannot be borne by the population in the long run, such projects are usually not sponsored either, since this sponsoring would not be sustainable.
The new guidelines of the environmental and development policies in the FRD go beyond simple waste disposal, however. Where possible, recycling and climate-friendly technologies should be given attention. This certainly seems possible in emerging countries such as Turkey, for example, if the economic conditions are favorable.
| Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 3 (Oktober 2012) |
| Seiten: | 11 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Ludwig Streff Gerd Burkhardt |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit