Regenerative Energie
Article 22 sentence 1 lit. a) of the Waste Framework Directive (WFD) orders member states to take measures to encourage the separate collection of bio-waste leading to composting and digestion. According to Article 3 No 4 WFD the term bio-waste encompasses garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises and comparable waste from food processing plants. The term is more precise than just mere biodegradable waste, comprising other biodegradable material such as natural textile fibers, paper, cardboard or waste from wood processing.
The annual amount of bio-waste in the EU adds up to between 118 and 138 million tons of which about 88 million tons are municipal waste. By 2020 the amount of waste is to increase annually by 10 %.
Apart from waste prevention at the source management of bio-waste includes the collection (separate or together with mixed waste), the (anaerobic) digestion and the (aerobic) composting, incineration and the disposal on landfills.
The management of bio-waste differs from one EU member state to the other. There are examples of only some rather weak initiatives but also ambitious political and legal measures.
The EU average landfills approximately 40 % of its bio-waste, some member states even up to 100 %. Landfilling deprives economy and nature’s cycle irretrievably of valuable resources (manure, energy). In regard to the respective standards landfilling harbours dangers for the environment such as the emission of greenhouse gas or the pollution of soil and groundwater. Seeing that, the landfilling of bio-waste stands in contrast to the guiding principles of EU waste policies. It stands most notably in contrast to the EU waste hierarchy forming the foundation of member state waste management strategies (compare Article 4 I and II WFD).
The five-step waste hierarchy provided by the WFD - prevention, preparing for re-use, recycling, other recovery, e.g. energy recovery and disposal - became a central aspect of German waste legislation formed by the so-called Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz, (ff. abbrev. KrWG) translating approximately to ‘cycle waste management act’.
| Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 3 (Oktober 2012) |
| Seiten: | 7 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Dr. Peter Kersandt |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit