Regenerative Energie
Two different ways of utilisation evolved in the combustion of waste. On the one hand untreated waste is disposed directly in mono-incineration plants, exploiting only part of the energy contained. On the other hand waste may be pretreated such that high calorific components can be separated and combusted separately with higher efficiency or better energy recovery. These are the so-called Refuse Derived Fuels (RDF).
The continuously decreasing availability of fossil fuel resources leads inevitably to increasing prices and bottlenecks in the conventional energy supply.
In that light, the aspect of energy recovery from waste and refused derived fuels (RDF) becomes more important all over Europe. The use of these fuels conserves fossil resources and is an important step towards sustainable energy economy. Especially for the Member States which joined the European Union in 2004 and 2007 this requires considerable Investment in waste management.
The primary goals must be to avoid any landfill of untreated municipal waste and to establish incineration and utilization capacities complying with European standards.
RDF is produced from untreated waste and may substitute fossil fuel in several thermal processes. For example in Germany 47 % of the waste input (6,4 m tons p.a.) is combusted in form of RDF. In 2009 the incineration rate (thermal utilization) of municipal waste amounted 33.6 % in Germany. In the Eastern European accession countries this value is between 0.1 and 12 %. Therefore waste-to-energy concepts become a central element in the European waste management. Compared to fossil fuels the compositions of wastes and RDF are subject to larger fluctuations. Depending on the area of application additional and improved procedures for the characterisation of alternative fuels are needed. Examples include the behaviour of volatile release and the actual heat transfer rates during combustion, especially the flight characteristics of RDF particles in coal fired co-incineration.
| Copyright: | © Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | Waste Management, Volume 3 (Oktober 2012) |
| Seiten: | 11 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Dipl.-Ing. Julia Behling Dipl.-Ing. Burkhard Krüger Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Philipp Danz Dr. Thomas Marzi Dr.-Ing Siegmar Wirtz |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit