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Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases Using an Optical Remote Sensing Technology

The measurement and evaluation of fugitive and point-source greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from waste treatment plants and landfills, in particular residual methane emissions, are an important prerequisite to demonstrate compliance with limit values. Traditionally, point monitoring methods (chamber measurements, FID surface screening) have been used, which are associated with spatial and temporal limitations, in order to estimate methane emissions from e.g. landfills.

In recent years, numerous international studies have demonstrated huge potential of Optical Remote Sensing (ORS) technologies supported by meteorological data and dispersion models. Beside the use of Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) and Ultraviolet Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) also Open-Path Tunable-Diode-Laser-Spectroscopy (OP-TDLS) has been applied to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. These measurements have been used to characterize fugitive emissions from large area sources including e.g. the agricultural sector and landfills.
Within a research project methane and carbon dioxide emissions will be quantified from an Austrian biogas plant by the use of an OP-TDLS system in combination with meteorological measurements and a dispersion model. Emissions will be measured for a representative period of more than one year, taking into account seasonal, daily and meteorological variations as well as plant-specific and operation-specific changes.
The choice of an appropriate dispersion model (Lagrangian, Eulerian or Gaussian model) depends, among others, on the site conditions (e.g. complexity of buildings and topography) and, therefore, is an important prerequisite for the determination of emission fluxes from the area of interest. In this case, the back-calculation will be done with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model LASAT (Lagrangian Simulation of Aerosol-Transport). Continuous meteorological measurements with a 3D ultrasonic anemometer over a period of one year as well as controlled tracer gas tests (using C2H2 as a tracer) at five representative biogas plants will be used to constrain the dispersion model.
In addition, measurements will be conducted on two landfills and a composting plant for the period of one year. A total CO2 as well as CH4 balance for both landfills as well as for the com-posting plant will be established. Controlled tracer gas tests will be used to constrain the dispersion model (LASAT).
The project aims to develop a generalised monitoring/quantification tool based on the planned investigations that can quickly quantify GHG emissions from landfills or waste treatment plants with minimal effort. In future, this monitoring tool may be used a standard method within the framework of the Austrian policy for measuring GHG emissions at waste treatment plants and landfills.

Copyright:	© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben
Quelle:	Depotech 2012 (November 2012)
Seiten:	4
Preis:	€ 2,00
Autor:	Marlies Hrad Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Marion Huber-Humer Martin Piringer
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