Regenerative Energie
The presented study was carried out in 2010/11 in 3 Bavarian cities (> 60,000 citizens): kerbside systems for residual waste (RW), bio-waste (BW), paper & paper-/cardboard (PPC), and lightweight packaging (LWP); bring system for recycling glass. The research approach is based on previous sorting analyses by the Bavarian Environment Agency: 2 sorting campaigns (summer/winter) in every city, classification of the urban areas in 3 areas (inner city/urban/suburban) for sampling, sieving the samples, manual sorting of the oversized particle (> 40 mm) into 41 fractions.
Residual waste: The investigations show a comparable amount of waste with an increase from suburban to inner city areas, mainly due to the organic fractions, PPC, and plastics. The RW composition corresponds to the Bavarian average: sieved fractions, organic, and hygiene products are the main components (61 %). The RW recycling potential in the three cities is similar and in spite of citizen-friendly kerbside systems comparatively high (68 %; mainly organic fractions, PPC, LWP, and recycling glass), due to an increased amount of recyclables in (inner) urban areas.
Bio-waste: The amount in the three cities is at the same level as RW, thus significantly higher than the Bavarian average. Both amount and capture efficiency decrease rapidly from the suburban (mainly garden waste) to the inner city areas. 98.3 % of BW is recyclable (sieved fractions, organics, kitchen paper, PPC), 1.7 % are impurities, half of these plastics.
Paper & paper-/cardboard: The amount is comparable in the three cities. It lies below the Bavarian average. PPC is gathered about 90 % by PPC bins. Nearly 97 % are conform to the system, 3.1 % are impurities (especially composites, which provide one-third of the impurities).
Lightweight packaging: The impurities in the LWP vary from 21.6 to 40.6 % and increase with growing population density. The yellow bags/bins are less successful compared to the both other kerbside systems for recyclable fractions. Most impurities belong to non-packaging of the same materials, PPC, organics, and other composites.
Glass: Consolidated containers show for white glass the lowest proportion of wrong colors (1.0 - 1.5 %) and the largest proportion of impurities (3.0 - 4.6 %; mainly non-recycling glass, metals, organics, inerts like ceramics), for green glass the lowest content of non-compliant ingredients (0.4 - 0.8 % organics) and for brown glass the most wrong colors (4.2 - 9.2 %).
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben |
| Quelle: | Depotech 2012 (November 2012) |
| Seiten: | 4 |
| Preis: | € 2,00 |
| Autor: | Heinz-Uwe Riedel C. Marb |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit