Regenerative Energie
Phosphorus is a limiting factor in plant growth. Therefore Phosphate ores and derived phosphoric acid are essential to produce fertilizers. About 85 % of the yield of phosphorus mines is used in fertilizer. The resource is neither renewable nor substitutable. The statistical coverage of the world phosphate reserves are estimated at about 50 to 115 years.
How long the fossil phosphate recovery will remain profitable, depends on the development of various factors (population growth, development of new deposits, etc.) in the next few decades from now. An important potential source of phosphorus is the sludge from wastewater treatment plants:
Dewatered sludge contains about 10 g/kg and sewage sludge ash even 64 g/kg phosphorus. In order to make phosphorus recovery available in the short term in recent decades available, numerous p-recovery technologies were and will be developed.
There are two main ways to recover phosphorus out of sewage sludge:
The phosphorus may be recovered out of the phosphorus-rich sewage sludge or a liquid side streams municipal wastewater treatment plants. These technologies usually produce magnesiumammoniumphosphats, which can directly be used as fertilizer (MAP, struvite). The so called Wet chemical-processes can be used.
Over the intermediate step of thermal mono-treatment (incineration, gasification, ...) all the water in the sludge is removed and the organic material is completely burned. But the phosphorus remains in the sewage sludge ash (SSA). In this way, a sort of secondary phosphate ore is generated. Mainly for P-recovery from SSA thermo-chemical processes are interesting.
The aim of this article is to show under what economic and technical prerequisites a new technology can be useful. This framework is used to analyze the potential role of a new technology the new EU project RecoPhos.
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben |
| Quelle: | Depotech 2012 (November 2012) |
| Seiten: | 6 |
| Preis: | € 3,00 |
| Autor: | Fatah Naji Dr.-Ing. Carla Cimatoribus o. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit