Regenerative Energie
The self-heating of bulk material is a major point to be considered in hazard analysis especially for waste management and waste treatment companies. The self-heating potential for bulk material mainly depends on the composition of the material itself and on systemic influences like the geometry of the storage area, weather conditions or the storage temperature. The chemical oxidation at low temperatures is besides microbiological activity the main reason for the self-heating and auto ignition of bulk material. Data from the measurement of the chemical and biological oxidation kinetics can be used as basis for the simulation of storage areas by computational fluid dynamics.
The measurement of the low temperature oxidation kinetics is carried out in a differential reactor, which is characterized by a small amount of sample material, isothermal conditions and very low turnover rates. Due to the fact that chemical oxidations reactions at low temperatures show very low turnover rates themselves, the experimental setup is laid out as a cycle process. The differential cycle reactor is used to determine the oxidation kinetics of pure substances and mixed input material. The oxidation kinetics is measured by the analysis of the carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production rate at different temperatures. Usually a temperature range from 310 K up to 370 K is investigated.
Waste materials from workshops contain significant amounts of grease and oil as well as residuals of metal dusts or chips dispersed on the surface of paper or cloth material used for cleaning purposes. The large surface combined with the fine dispersion of grease and oil accelerates the chemical oxidation significantly. To determine the influence of the oil and grease content on the oxidation kinetics, measurements of paper samples with different contents of oil were carried out in a differential cycle reactor. The results of the investigations were compared with the oxidation kinetics of garage waste material with diameter range from 0 - 30 mm.
The investigations showed that already relatively small amounts of oil in the paper samples lead to a significant increase of the CO and CO2 production rates. In the course of this study cleaning paper samples with oil contents from 6,7 % up to 23,7 % were investigated. The results were compared with a sample of garage waste with an oil content of about 15 %. The oxidation kinetics of the garage waste is comparable to the paper samples with similar oil contents.
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben |
| Quelle: | Depotech 2012 (November 2012) |
| Seiten: | 6 |
| Preis: | € 3,00 |
| Autor: | Dr. mont. Dipl.-Ing. Hannes Kern Univ. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Harald Raupenstrauch |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit