Recovery of Recyclables from Municipal Solid Waste

Waste producers in households and urban commercial facilities are often using the same collection system offered by the municipalities. The users have a specific consumption of short life products like paper, glass, plastics and metals that can be called recyclables. Although separate collecting systems in particular for paper and glass are offered, the individual participation on these systems always is limited. There are wide spread reasons for this limitation like the knowledge of people or their motivation to support recycling, the result always is a limited efficiency of every kind of separate collection. Analyses of Municipal Solid Waste typically show that the non collected share is on a level that MSW can be called a source for recyclables. The following research results are focused on plastic products, what are mainly short life products like packages but also long life products from different utilizations.

A problem of waste management calculations is to determine the specific yearly amount of plastics that can be found in MSW. Calculations based on global data of percentage and total amount per year doesn’t fit to reality. Data like plastics content in a range between 4.6 % and 13.6 % aren’t comparable without considering the additional waste collecting systems and the level of specific waste production per capita and year.

Baseline for the calculation of separate collected plastics is the average result of yellow bin collection with 28 kg/c•y mass recovery of all separated fractions. For the additional collecting system the results are also varying but inversely to MSW. The higher the density of population the lower the recovery quantity is.

 

 

Stand der Pumpspeicher in Deutschland 2025
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (12/2025)
Infolge des Ausbaus der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien ist ein erhöhter Speicherbedarf im Stromverbundnetz notwendig. Hierdurch steigt die Bedeutung von Pumpspeichern als bis auf weiteres einzige Möglichkeit für eine großmaßstäbliche Stromspeicherung.

Pumpspeicherkraftwerke - Empfehlungen zur Verkuerzung und Vereinfachung von Genehmigungsverfahren in Deutschland
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (12/2025)
Die Genehmigungsverfahren sind sehr komplex sowie mit hohen Kosten und rechtlichen Unsicherheiten verbunden und dauern oftmals mehr als zehn Jahre.

Revitalisierung des Pumpspeicherwerks Happurg - Sanierung des Oberbeckens
© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (12/2025)
Im Rahmen der Revitalisierung des Pumpspeicherwerks Happurg haben im September 2024 auch die Arbeiten zur Sanierung des zugehörigen Oberbeckens begonnen.

 

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