Regenerative Energie
Natural gas qualities in Europe will become increasingly diverse and combustion characteristics (Wobbe index, methane number) will vary over wider ranges. The article presents the gas qualities to be expected over the medium term and analyses and discusses their effects on future gas utilisation. Aside from rich (high-calorifi c) LNG qualities, future natural gas and biomethane qualities are not expected to cause problems in gas utilisation in most European countries. With certain restrictions this also applies where up to 10 % of hydrogen produced from renewable surplus electricity is admixed except for three important applications: tanks for compressed natural gas used as a motor fuel, gas turbines with premixed burners and underground porous rock storage facilities; here further R&D input is still required. Biomethane produced from contaminated feedstock may carry undesirable trace substances. Particularly careful treatment and quality control are then necessary. Hydrogen or methane produced from renewable surplus electricity will have a high purity level and, like biomethane, will contribute to further reducing CO2 emissions. This will make natural gas an even more climate-protecting fuel compared with other fossil fuels.
The gases injected into the European gas transportation system will become increasingly diverse: while conventional pipeline gases from the North Sea, Russia, the Netherlands, Algeria and other producer regions are not expected to change signifi cantly, liquefi ed natural gas (LNG) as well as biomethane will be gaining importance and, in the medium term, also hydrogen or methane from surplus renewable electricity as well as gases produced by the gasifi cation of solid biomass. The diversifi - cation trend is welcome as it enhances supply security. Moreover, gases from renewable sources help reduce climate-harming carbon dioxide emissions (greening of gas). But, as a result, the market will see a greater variety of gas qualities and gas qualities will vary over a wider range. Gas appliances will have to respond increasingly fl exibly. Continued reliable operation of the more than 160 million gas appliances in Europe must not be aff ected. The paper describes diff erent gases and their effects on future gas utilisation.
| Copyright: | © DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | GWF international 2 2011 (Oktober 2011) |
| Seiten: | 7 |
| Preis: | € 7,00 |
| Autor: | Dr. Klaus Altfeld Dr. Peter Schley |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit