Regenerative Energie
With ratification of the new German drinking water directive, the maximum allowable sulphate concentration is raised from 240 to 250 mg/L. However, exceedances due to geogenic conditions up to 500 mg/L sulphate are no longer permitted. Water supply utilities affected by this change now have to consider suitable treatment technologies for the given conditions. In a case study, a semi industrial pilot plant was operated with different low pressure reverse osmosis and nanofi ltration membranes to identify conditions for a stable operation and the required antiscalant dosage to achieve this. Long term operation was possible with both membrane types at a yield of 80 % with 1.2 g/m³ of polycarboxylic acid continuously dosed as antiscalant. In order to elucidate the possibilities for concentrate discharge several treatment processes have been investigated.
In order to comply with the revised German Drinking Water Directive (GDWD) [1], concerning the limitation for the sulphate concentration, some water suppliers have to fi nd solutions to fulfi l this requirement. However, only a small number of waterworks is aff ected by this stronger regulation. There are several techniques to remove sulphate during drinking water treatment. For desalination and softening ion exchange and membrane processes are mainly used. However, in the present case a ground water with very high sulphate concentration and hardness has to be treated. In order to overcome the lack of experience with the treatment of such type of waters, a pilot study was carried out. A semi industrial pilot plant was operated with different types of membranes for low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) and nanofi ltration (NF). Operational conditions (yield and antiscalant dosage) were optimized under the requirement of minimized demand for chemicals and stable permeability. Within this study, the discharge of concentrate was an important point. To minimize the salt content of the concentrate before discharge into a river, diff erent treatment processes have been further investigated.
| Copyright: | © Vulkan-Verlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | GWF international 2011 (September 2011) |
| Seiten: | 6 |
| Preis: | € 6,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Pia Lipp T. Gronki Dr.-Ing. Günther Baldauf J. Lueke A. Lanfervoss |
| Diesen Fachartikel kaufen... (nach Kauf erscheint Ihr Warenkorb oben links) | |
| Artikel weiterempfehlen | |
| Artikel nach Login kommentieren | |
Europäische Rechtsvorgaben und Auswirkungen auf die Bioabfallwirtschaft in Deutschland
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2025)
Bioabfälle machen 34 % der Siedlungsabfälle aus und bilden damit die größte Abfallfraktion im Siedlungsabfall in der EU. Rund 40 Millionen Tonnen Bioabfälle werden jährlich in der EU getrennt gesammelt und in ca. 4.500 Kompostierungs- und Vergärungsanlagen behandelt.
Vom Gärrest zum hochwertigen Gärprodukt - eine Einführung
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2025)
Auch mittel- bis langfristig steht zu erwarten, dass die Kaskade aus anaerober und aerober Behandlung Standard für die Biogutbehandlung sein wird.
Die Mischung macht‘s - Der Gärrestmischer in der Praxis
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2025)
Zur Nachbehandlung von Gärrest aus Bio- und Restabfall entwickelte Eggersmann den Gärrestmischer, der aus Gärresten und Zuschlagstoffen homogene, gut belüftbare Mischungen erzeugt. Damit wird den besonderen Anforderungen der Gärreste mit hohem Wassergehalt begegnet und eine effiziente Kompostierung ermöglicht.