Regenerative Energie
In a country like Bangladesh the waste management situation is characterized by open waste disposal within the city, numerous open dumps and missing waste treatment facilities. The 1.5 million residents of Cambodia's capital Phnom Penh dispose ca. 90 % of their municipal solid waste untreated on an open dumping site at the outskirts. Deposit of municipal solid waste is until present time most common used disposal form. This leads to significant environmental pollution. Emissions are mainly discharged over gas and leachate path. However, emissions are transboundary. But present economical conditions and options limit rapid improving of this situation. For instance in Germany less than one percent of the gross domestic product (GDP) are spend for present extensive waste disposal by industry, state and privatized public companies in 2005.
That’s about 14.6 bn Euro and is equal to almost two-hundred Euros per capita in 2005. This amount is adequate to approximately half of the GDP per capita of Bangladesh in 2008/09 or one-third of the GDP of Cambodia in 2008 respectively. Therefore, waste management concepts according to German or European standards can not be implemented currently region-wide under these circumstances. Nevertheless people request is high for a clean and intact environment which demands adapted approaches. In contrast to the above mentioned situation, series of regulations and technical concepts for environmental friendly disposal have been developed and implemented in Germany. It is known as multibarrier system. However, institutions like the World Bank have recognized that these regulations and concepts are technically and financially hard to realize in low and middle income countries. Nevertheless people request is high for a clean and intact environment which demands adapted approaches. This situation has been led to the development of a couple of documents and guides for decision makers and professionals in waste management. Nevertheless a concept is missing considering several barriers, giving the possibility to choose between different types of a barrier and representing the effectiveness of a whole landfill concept. Thereby the application should be taken into account of individual input data beside the information about the necessary technical effort. On all these points the assessment scheme ties on acting as a decision support tool. It should be seen as supplement in depth regarding technical landfilling and existing guides, especial concerning the design of landfills.
| Copyright: | © DGAW - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. |
| Quelle: | 1. Wissenschaftskongress März 2011 - Straubing (Juni 2011) |
| Seiten: | 4 |
| Preis: | € 2,00 |
| Autor: | Dipl.-Ing. Gunnar Hädrich |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit