Regenerative Energie
Near infrared (NIR) based sorting is state-of-the-art for the processing of separately collected recyclables in order to secure the compliance with given quality standards in material recycling. This technology is not yet widely applied for heterogeneous wastes which in cases when material recycling is not possible are often used energetically as 'refuse derived fuel†(RDF) or 'solid recovered fuel†(SRF), substituting fossil fuels (e.g. co-incineration in the cement industry). Concerning this energetic recovery of waste, quality requirements in terms of fuel properties (e.g. particle size and energy content (lower heating value, LHV)), chlorine (Cl) and heavy metal content are most restrictive for the application of RDF in the cement industry, which is the main utilization option.
In addition, the partly renewable nature of RDF in the cement industry gains in importance due to the EU CO2 emission trading scheme and the European 'renewables†directive (EP, 2009). This is, because CO2 generated from biogenic material, i.e. recently grown material that has assimilated CO2 from the atmosphere, is considered being neutral in terms of climate protection obligations. Consequently it is to be assumed that an increased biogenic carbon (Cbiogenic) content will become more important in the energetic recovery of waste. This is especially true for heterogeneous waste material that can not be material recycled easily. Due to the displayed quality requirements, heterogeneous waste with highly varying composition and great impurities needs to be processed to fulfil the desired criteria. The processing demands can potentially be met by using sensorbased sorting technologies with near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) which uses the material-specific absorption/reflection characteristics of material as separation criterion. The aim of this research was the evaluation of the technical applicability of NIR-based sorting on specific heterogeneous waste streams. Using this technology, output fractions, optimized in terms of their quality as alternative fuels in the context of the future development in the energy sector and climate policy, should be generated. More specifically, the aim was to (1) decrease the pollutant content and to (2) generate one RDF-stream with an elevated Cbiogenic content. Simultaneously, one waste stream with an increased fossil carbon (Cfossil) and associated energy (LHV) content is generated.
| Copyright: | © DGAW - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V. |
| Quelle: | 1. Wissenschaftskongress März 2011 - Straubing (Juni 2011) |
| Seiten: | 4 |
| Preis: | € 2,00 |
| Autor: | Dipl.-Ing. Mag. Simone Pieber B.Sc. Martina Meirhofer Prof. Dr. Arne Michael Ragoßnig |
| Diesen Fachartikel kaufen... (nach Kauf erscheint Ihr Warenkorb oben links) | |
| Artikel weiterempfehlen | |
| Artikel nach Login kommentieren | |
Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit