Regenerative Energie
Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) before Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is highly considerable in terms of capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). The paper determines different treatment options like 'Standard†and 'AdvancedBioSolids†and characterizes the treatment options. The 'Standard' option is relatively simple and comprises only few process steps. The 'AdvancedBioSolids†option is more complex and refines the biosolid fraction by sorting of inorganic items and other non-digestibles in a multi-stage dry refining process.
Model calculation of mass balance and product quality is based on a typical composition of MSW in western urban settlements, this is e.g. 41 mass-% of digestible biosolids. The quality of digestible biosolids going from pre-treatment to digestion is increased from 71,2 %, achieved by a 'Standard†process to 93,9 %, achieved by an 'Advanced-BioSolid†process. The calculation of CAPEX is done for annual capacities of 180.000 t/y and of 320.000 t/y. As a result CAPEX for mechanical & electrical installation for pre-treatment is 15 to 30% of CAPEX for total installation. Total installation means pre- treatment plus digestion, combined-heat and power (CHP) and emission control installation. Calculation of OPEX is done by summarizing all operational costs deriving from the pre-treatment plus digestion, CHP and emission control. As a result higher CAPEX for pre-treatment installation leads to lower OPEX. OPEX can be decreased up to -7,4 % by an 'Advanced Biosolidsâ€-process compared to a 'Standardâ€-process. The paper finalizes with a draft of a catalogue of pre-treatment steps and their relevance for product quality and yield. Decision makers of authorities and companies get a hint of what is relevant in terms of process evaluation and meeting the targeted figures of OPEX.
| Copyright: | © Wasteconsult International |
| Quelle: | Waste-to-Resource 2011 (Mai 2011) |
| Seiten: | 7 |
| Preis: | € 0,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Michael Langen |
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Fremdstoffgehalte in den Sieblinien von Biogut nach Voraufbereitung
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2024)
Fremd- und Kunststoffeinträge im getrennt erfassten Biogut rücken zunehmend in den Fokus des Gesetzgebers. Mit der Novellierung der BioAbfV treten zum 01.05.2025 erstmals Grenzwerte in Kraft, die sich auf das frische Biogut vor der biologischen Behandlung beziehen.
Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.