Regenerative Energie
Torrefaction is currently leaving laboratory scale. The new technology for upgrading solid biomass to 2nd generation solid biofuels is developed in parallel by different teams in Europe, the USA and Asia, investigating a wide variety of reactor types and reaction conditions in industrial scale. Torrefied material shows superior properties compared with solid biomass raw materials. The potential market rages from fuel for power plants to raw materials for syn fuel production. It offers the possibilities of using cost efficient logistic systems only found for coal.
Torrefaction - the thermal upgrading of solid biomass - is supposed to become a key technology for opening up huge resources of unused biomass and enabling an easier use of biomass in coal fired power plants. Several R&D groups all over Europe and North America have been engaged in this topic for the last few years - now the development reached the level of starting first industrial productions in 2010/2011. The torrefaction process involves heating biomass to a temperature between 240 - 320 °C in the absence of oxygen. This heating drives off the moisture and part of the volatile organic components in form of torrefaction gases (gas with low net calorific value). Most of the energy of the biomass is retained in the torrefied product. The result is a friable material with an energy density and physical characteristics closer to coal. The torrefied biomass can subsequently be densified into, for example, pellets or briquettes for easier and cheaper handling, shipping and storage.
| Copyright: | © Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben |
| Quelle: | Depotech 2010 (November 2010) |
| Seiten: | 4 |
| Preis: | € 2,00 |
| Autor: | M. Englisch A. Rubick |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
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© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit