Regenerative Energie
Natural gas is an important energy source of the future. To ensure a secure energy supply in Europe the trade with liquefied natural gas (LNG) is expected to increase significantly. The accurate determination of LNG densities is gaining importance not only for custody transfer calculations with regard to loading and unloading of LNG carriers and tanks but also for process simulations, e. g., for modelling of economically and ecologically optimised liquefaction and evaporation processes. Today the calculation models used for the determination of LNG densities show uncertainties of 0.3 to 0.5 %. To reduce these relatively large uncertainties new accurate sets of experimental p-Ï-T-x-data are essential.
For the accurate measurement of the densities of liquefied natural gas (LNG) a special densimeter has been designed in detail. The new densimeter will cover the range from 10 kg × m-3 to 1000 kg × m-3, thus enabling density measurements in the homogeneous liquid region, along the saturated liquid line (incl. vapour pressures) and in the homogenous gas region. The apparatus is designed for measurements in a temperature range from 90 K to 293 K at pressures up to 12 MPa. The achievable experimental uncertainty is estimated to be 0.02 %. The densimeter is based on the Archimedes (buoyancy) principle and is a single-sinker system incorporating a magnetic suspension coupling. The density is obtained directly, without the need for calibration fluids. The setup of the new densimeter will be carried out as part of the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) in combination with a project of the European Gas Research Group (GERG).
| Copyright: | © DIV Deutscher Industrieverlag GmbH |
| Quelle: | GWF gas solutions International (August 2010) |
| Seiten: | 4 |
| Preis: | € 4,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Markus Richter Prof. Dr.-Ing. Roland Span Dr.-Ing Reiner Kleinrahm Dr. Peter Schley Dr.-Ing. Markus Richter |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit