Regenerative Energie
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a popular anticancer drug. In the year 2002, 5-FU was administered over 2 million patients worldwide, and its overall production was estimated to 5000 kg per year. Approximately 2-35% of the administered 5-FU is excreted via urine within 24 h [2,3] which in fact enters into the hospital effluents and consequently contaminates aquatic environment. Antineoplastic drugs such as cyclophosphamide, infosfamide, 5-FU, doxorubicin, epirubicin and daunorubicin were identified in hospital waste water of oncogenic department at countable concentrations; where 5-FU was detected at higher concentration.
The growing use of 5-fluorouracil drugs in cancer therapy has appeared as important issue for discussion of its environmental effects. 5-fluorouracil interferes with growth of green microalgae, Scenedesmus vacuolatus. It magnifies in microalgae and consequently demonstrated the bioaccumulation factor of 18.4×103. However, it does not only accumulate in the microalgae cell but also integrates into the genome. About 0.49 and 0.68 percent of initial applied radio-labelled 5-fluorouracil were detected in the DNA and RNA of microalgae respectively. Furthermore, the labelled microalgae genome was transferred into Tetrahymena pyriformis when added them in the culture. The second organism fed the labelled genome and retained some labelled 5-fluorouracil away from excretion of microalgae genome through food vacuoles. This bio-transfer of labelled 5-fluorouracil via genomic material was evaluated with the exhibition of radioactivity in Tetrahymena cell pellets. However, radioactivity did not detected in the genome of predator organism.
| Copyright: | © Aristotle University of Thessaloniki |
| Quelle: | 2nd International Conference 2009 (Juni 2009) |
| Seiten: | 6 |
| Preis: | € 5,00 |
| Autor: | Asad Ud-Daula Linda Pfister Karl-Werner Schramm |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit