Regenerative Energie
Most of the waste in the EU is still landfilled, but there are already some large scale waste incineration plants. Nevertheless waste or refuse derived fuels (RFD) as an energy source are getting more and more interesting for small scale plants as well. The ATZ Entwicklungszentrum has worked on solutions for the main components of decentralized small scale plants and on solutions for the whole process. In the developing focus are firing systems, energy usage and flue gas cleaning. Due to economic reasons, these components can not be scaled down from large waste incineration plants. Beyond these economic reasons usually difficulties with the electrical efficiency for electricity production occur. Market integrated small scale systems normaly show a low efficiency.
In the EU 49% of municipal solid waste are deposited, 33% are recycled or composted and 18% are underlying a thermal treatment. There are big differences between the single states. Some states deposit nearly 90%, others with very high environmental standards deposit only 10% and recycle 65% of the waste. In Europe there are approximately 50 million tones of waste treated in 400 waste incineration plants (Kleppmann, 2006). Most of them are big centralized waste incineration power plants. During the last few years an increasing amount of decentralized plants for waste treatment have been installed. There are mainly two reasons for economic efficiency of small scale plants: Disposal costs for waste are increasing and a steady rise in prices for energy can be seen. Nevertheless the influence of transport costs on the overall efficiency is increasing. Therefore waste as energy source is getting more and more interesting for small scale plants due to significantly lower transport costs. In Germany, an incentive for decentralized small scale power plants is given by the Renewable Energy Sources Act (Deutscher Bundestag, 2004) due to a very attractive remuneration. There are some biogenic fuels which are listed in the German Ordinance on Generation of Electricity from Biomass (Deutscher Bundestag, 2001) but have the character of waste (e.g. bio waste). It is important to develop specially adapted plants for these fuels to handle problems like e.g. corrosion and danger of slagging.
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group |
| Quelle: | Venice Conference 2006 (November 2006) |
| Seiten: | 10 |
| Preis: | € 10,00 |
| Autor: | Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Eva Hamatschek Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Quicker Prof. Dr. Mario Mocker Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Faulstich |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit