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Analytical methods for the determination of the biological stability of waste samples

Determination of the biological stability of waste samples is presented for selected methods regarding the verification of biodegradability, which are applied at the Department of Waste Management of the Hamburg University of Technology. These methods serve to ascertain the respiration activity (AT4), the gas formation potential (GB21), the accumulated gas production (GS21) and the Dynamic Respiration Index (DRI). Via comparison of the different methods (supported by selected investigation results), the possibilities and limits of the individual test methods could be show

To reduce warming of the earth’s atmosphere, the Member States of the European Union have undertaken to reduce the emission potential of landfills. The EU Landfill Directive dated April 26th 1999 (Council Directive 1999/31 EC), which was created for this purpose, stipulates different measures in order to achieve this target. In this respect, the reduction of the deposition of biodegradable waste represents the essential point, connected with an effective gas control for landfills. The requirements stipulate a progressive reduction by 65% of the amount of biodegradable waste to be deposited by 2016. Varying measures are implemented in the individual Member States of the EU to achieve this aim. In Germany, for example, all amounts of waste to be deposited need to be pretreated in order to reduce the emission potential of the biodegradable fraction. The respective criteria are specified in the German Ablagerungsverordnung. To check the compliance with these parameters, waste samples are to be taken and analysed at regular intervals. Amongst others, the respiration activity (AT4) or the gas formation potential (GB21) need to be determined for the description of biological stability (see Table 1). In Germany, standard requirements are defined for the implementation of these analytical methods. In other EU Member States it is implemented differently. This means that in France, via the application of incineration plants, composting and agricultural sludge treatment, the emission potential may be correspondingly reduced. Concepts have been developed in this regard which envisage a reactor landfill including leachate recirculation. Therefore, no standards exist for the waste quality to be deposited. Compared with the analytical methods described in the German Ablagerungsverordnung (Waste Disposal Ordinance) (AT4, GB21), modified methods are to be applied in order to characterise this waste, which has a higher degradation potential as the mechanical biological pretreatment Waste in Germany (such as the respirometric index, static (as the AT4 ) and dynamic (DRI)). In England, methods such as the DRI (modified) and the anaerobic MBP test, which differ from the German standards, are also presently being discussed. Consistent European standardised methods for the determination of the gas production potential of waste samples do not exist.

Copyright:	© IWWG International Waste Working Group
Quelle:	Venice Conference 2006 (November 2006)
Seiten:	14
Preis:	€ 14,00
Autor:	Dipl.-Ing. Jörn Heerenklage Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rainer Stegmann
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