Regenerative Energie
The water in contact with waste materials is one of the most important determinants for longterm emissions from landfilled wastes (Kjeldsen et al., 2002). It plays a major role for the chemical and biological reactions in landfilled wastes (Mora-Naranjo et al., 2004, He et al., 2006), and in biological reactions in pre-treatment processes (Christensen, 2001). In humid and semi-arid areas, the water content determines the efficacy of final caps (Börjesson et al., 1998; Yanful et al., 2003). The water level inside a landfill has been suggested to influence heavy metal emissions via the leachate (Karlsson et al., 2005). The EU directive 1999/31/EC gives requirements for the reduction and control of leachate production.
The amount of water in contact with solid wastes is crucial for their liquid emission. In this study, time domain reflectometry, an electromagnetic method to determine water content and electrical conductivity in porous media, is applied to different soil-like, pretreated wastes. In laboratory calibration experiments, the dielectric properties of the waste materials appear to be different from those from Swedish top- and subsoils. Especially around mid-range water content, the contribution of the solid material to the dielectric response is larger than from soils. The initial time domain reflectometry measurements from a 20m
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group |
| Quelle: | Specialized Session E (Oktober 2007) |
| Seiten: | 14 |
| Preis: | € 14,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Martijn van Praagh K. M. Persson Magnus Persson |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit