Regenerative Energie
At present time, existing mechanistic landfill models are different in many points and often tailored to one landfill and locally existing problem. Existing mechanistic knowledge, like mass and energy balances or given specific reaction kinetics are usually described by formal approaches (e.g. differential equations, Monod kinetics, etc.). Contrastingly, knowledge hidden in data is commonly found in form of “black box” models like polynomials, artificial neural networks, engineering correlations, etc. Lee et al. (2005) reported the use of a mechanistic wastewater treatment plant model that was combined with non-parametric approaches like, for example, linear partial least squares (PLS), quadratic PLS, and neural network PLS (NNPLS) models. Here the performance of each parallel hybrid model, which is the combination of nonparametric models with the Activated Sludge Model No.1, was compared based on their ease of model building, prediction accuracy.
Current research topics in landfill model development are mainly based on mechanistic model concepts. This applies to every working group being involved in modelling landfill behaviour. However, even when desirable, the development of formal model approaches is a very complex task. To gain and validate these approaches a large number of experimental data, physical, chemical, and biological parameter as well as different waste compositions and environmental conditions must be taken into account. Currently, modelling working groups have their own strategies and focal points in order to get a reliable approach to landfill reality. Hybrid models offer ways out when processes are complex and poorly understood in a mechanistic sense, and aim to describe different components of a process in different ways. This approach can be employed with advantage because the model accuracy can be increased by integrating alternative and complementary sources of knowledge. In this work the structure of a hybrid model is presented and its application for simulating gas emission from a lab-scale landfill simulation bioreactor is discussed.
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group |
| Quelle: | Specialized Session E (Oktober 2007) |
| Seiten: | 12 |
| Preis: | € 12,00 |
| Autor: | Dr. rer.-nat. Andreas Haarstrick Dr. Ezequiel Franco-Lara Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Reichel I. Völkerding |
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Fremdstoffgehalte in den Sieblinien von Biogut nach Voraufbereitung
© Witzenhausen-Institut für Abfall, Umwelt und Energie GmbH (11/2024)
Fremd- und Kunststoffeinträge im getrennt erfassten Biogut rücken zunehmend in den Fokus des Gesetzgebers. Mit der Novellierung der BioAbfV treten zum 01.05.2025 erstmals Grenzwerte in Kraft, die sich auf das frische Biogut vor der biologischen Behandlung beziehen.
Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.