Regenerative Energie
This study aims to compare the risks for heavy metal mobilisation from landfilled untreated and landfilled pre-treated municipal solid waste (MSW). The pre-treatment methods investigated are incineration, composting and, to a lesser extent, anaerobic digestion. Data on waste compositions and material properties are taken from the literature to develop examplified, straight-forward models for the extent and stability of heavy metal immobilising meachanisms.
The formation of iron oxides through oxidation of pyrite and elemental iron are confirmed as major contributors to heavy metal sorption capacity in untreated MSW. The knowledge of the amount of elemtal iron in the waste material is crucial to the sorption capacity, when the total iron present is used as an indicator. The pre-treatment methods incineration and composting exhibit a lower nominal potential for trapping heavy metals than untreated MSW. The sorption capacity of aged MSW is estimated to be about 350 mmol kg-1, which exeeds its content of 50 mmol kg-1 of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) found in the literature. The cation exchange capacity of bottom ash is expected to increase over time due to neo-formation of sorbents and physical weathering. Still, with regard to long-term heavy metal emissions, the deposition of MSW incineration residues is not a favourable over landfilling of untreated MSW, mainly due to the fact that the incineration process changes the matrices for heavy metals and renders them less stable.
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group |
| Quelle: | General Session B (Oktober 2007) |
| Seiten: | 12 |
| Preis: | € 12,00 |
| Autor: | Dr.-Ing. Martijn van Praagh S. Frey K. M. Persson |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit