Regenerative Energie
This paper provides an overview of the main reutilization options available for solid residues from modern municipal solid waste incinerators, and outlines the most important challenges related to such a reutilization. Of the two main solid residues, bottom ashes are most easily reutilized: the necessary technology and processes are readily available and proven. Fly ashes on the other hand, are not readily reutilized today. Few technologies exist and the technical qualities of the fly ashes render them difficult to utilize. The relatively high content of heavy metals categorizes these ashes as hazardous waste thereby indicating that general, uncontrolled reutilization is not intended.
Restrictions in the European Union on routing biodegradable waste to landfills have within recent years in many member states resulted in increased focus on waste incineration as a viable technology to comply with new challenges and at the same time utilize the energy content of the waste. In Asia, increasing difficulties related to landfill siting close to large cities have also sparked a renewed interest in waste incineration. Modern waste incinerators provide a rather robust Waste-to-Energy conversion with a relative high efficiency. Although, the actual waste management aspect of waste incineration is important, modern waste incinerators are in some countries, e.g. Denmark, Sweden, and The Netherlands, an integral part of the energy system contributing with significant quantities of energy to the society. In Europe as well as other parts of the world, specific focus has been placed on reducing emissions to the atmosphere, not only of greenhouse gases. As a consequence of efforts related to the European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive, state-of-the-art techniques have been described for waste incineration processes, flue gas cleaning technologies, and residue management. In the future, emissions to the atmosphere can be expected to be further reduced. Consequently, the main emission route from modern waste incinerators are the solid residues generated.
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group |
| Quelle: | Venice Conference 2006 (November 2006) |
| Seiten: | 7 |
| Preis: | € 7,00 |
| Autor: | Thomas Astrup Mag. Peter Mostbauer Raffaela Pomi |
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Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Überblick über und Diskussion der Maßnahmen zum beschleunigten Ausbau
der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur in Deutschland
Die innerstaatliche Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaschutzübereinkommens
- ein Rechtsvergleich
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Like all public international law treaties, the Paris Climate Accords rely on national law for their implementation. The success of the agreement therefore depends, to a large extent, on the stepstaken or not taken by national governments and legislators as well as on the instruments and mechanisms chosen for this task. Against this background, the present article compares different approaches to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, using court decisions as a means to assess their (legal) effectiveness.
Klimaschutzrecht und Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien in der Schweiz
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (8/2024)
Verschachtelte Gesetzgebung unter politischer Ungewissheit