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Pyrolisis, gasification and plasma technologies

The development of pyrolysis and gasification plants has shown that waste is a very difficult material to be treated. The basic problems are the heterogenic material with a lot of hazardous components which pollute the gas, the char, the oil and the waste water. Nevertheless waste components with a high calorific value and little contaminates is used in pyrolysis as well as gasification plants. The plasma technology has not proven to be a reliable option in waste management.

Pyrolysis is a well known process from industrial process engineering. The further development of pyrolysis and its application to waste was prompted by the drawbacks experienced with MSW incineration. With respect to the treatment of MSW, pyrolysis was expected to provide the following benefits (Bilitewski et. al., 1997): -
- Uncomplicated and cost effective processes that operate with feed rates as low as 10 t/h,
- A potential for energy and resource recovery, 
- The recoverable product (energy) is easily stored,
- Flexibility with respect to various wastes and changing waste compositions, and 
- Almost complete prevention of environmental pollution.
Waste gasification and pyrolyzation technologies are used to pursue similar benefits as are derived from waste incineration. Waste materials are significantly reduced in volume and are converted to a physical state that permits their storage without serious effects on the environment. The relationship between various thermal processes such as drying, pyrolysis, gasification,  and incineration are presented in Table 1. During conventional incineration, the processes of drying, pyrolyzation, gasification and combustion (burning of gaseous products), take place in a combustion chamber. During pyrolysis, some of these incomplete processes are allowed to take place in separate reactors, which makes pyrolysis and gasification separate waste treatment processes. However, pyrolysis was unable to compete with incineration because of many problems and its insufficient availability. There is only one MSW pyrolysis facility in operation in Burgau, Bavaria, since 1984 and no additional pyrolysis facilities are planned.

Copyright:	© IWWG International Waste Working Group
Quelle:	Venice Conference 2006 (November 2006)
Seiten:	6
Preis:	€ 0,00
Autor:	Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Dr. h.c. Bernd Bilitewski
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